Our data indicate that the combination of AL1A1 with a protein significant to SCLC, such as BASP1, might be useful to diagnose LCNEC, whereas NETs could be evaluated by expression of at least one of three representative neuroendocrine proteins: CD56, synaptophysin (Syn), or chromogranin A (CGA). Here, NCAM1 is linked to large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.