BRCA1 and cancer: In these calculations, we assumed conservative average prostate cancer risks for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations; however, higher estimates for the effect of BRCA1/2 mutations have been reported in the literature.4,9 Prospective studies of male mutation carriers will be useful for assessing the calibration of absolute cancer risks by PRS percentiles; however, such studies are not currently available with sufficiently large numbers of incident male breast and prostate cancer cases.