Significantly fewer CD3+ T cells were noted in the uninvolved pancreatic tissue compared to the tumour tissue (Fig. 3e), yet the relative proportion of CD8+ T cells within total CD3+ cells was greater in uninvolved (67%) compared to tumour (47%, P value <0.001) and the relative proportion of CD4+ within total CD3+ cells was lower in uninvolved (17%) compared to tumour tissue (36%, P value <0.001) (Fig. 3j, middle panel). Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.