Increased lethality and severity of infection was observed in neutrophil depleted hosts, together with delayed production of cytokines and chemokines involved in neutrophil recruitment, including interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), keratinocyte chemoattractant protein (KC/CXCL1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1, MIP-2/CXCL2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (14). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.