In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that intravenous treatment with neutralizing anti-HMGB1 mAb conferred protective effects on neuronal apoptosis, in association with an inhibition of HMGB1 release, protection of the BBB and inhibition of inflammation in a very-acute-phase of status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and status epilepticus.