Considering the disturbed lipid metabolism in HF and metabolic perturbations with upregulation of EL in MetS8, 21,we hypothesised that the established association of EL plasma levels and atherogenic lipid profile, including increased triglycerides, total cholesterol and apoB-containing lipoproteins, as well as decreased HDL-cholesterol plasma levels8, 15–17, is altered in acute HF (AHF) and additionally affected by overlapping MetS. Here, APOB is linked to metabolic syndrome.