ATXN1 and memory impairment: Although no evidence indicated that VSTM2L, one of the intermediate genes, was directly related to AD, it interacted with ataxin 1 (ATXN1) of Alzgset [73], whose biological function is presently unknown, and also might be a secreted antagonist of Humanin (HN) [74] which mediated attenuation of AD-related memory impairment and Aβ-induced AD-like pathological changes [75, 76].