Our analysis of colorectal tumour progression profiles (Fig. 5) supports this view, as TEX19 was detected in all early adenomas, but was not detected in some samples of later stages of tumour progression which could point to an early ‘on’ later ‘off’ model for TEX19. This suggests that therapeutic targeting of TEX19 might not eliminate all tumour cells in later stage tumours. Here, TEX19 is linked to adenoma.