On the other hand, activation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), which in PAH occurs though expression of Moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim-1) not only in T cells but also in pulmonary vascular SMC, was reported to induce a proproliferative and antiapoptotic phenotype of pulmonary vascular cells [33]. Here, PIM1 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.