Here, we found a stronger activated immune system in patients suffering from atypical variants of CIDP defined by a trend towards increased peripheral myelin antigen-specific (PMP-22, P0 180-199, MBP 82-100) T cell responses associated with a specific altered CD4+ memory compartment of increased CD4+ TEM and CD4+ TCM counts in the blood. This evidence concerns the gene MBP and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.