MMP9 and glioblastoma: To determine the effect of miR-148a on GADD45A-mediated control of β-catenin, MMP-9, and EMT marker expression, we upregulated or downregulated miR-148a in IDH1WT or IDH1R132H glioblastoma cells overexpressing GADD45A (Figure 5A–5C and Figure 6A–6C).