In a phase I/II trial of alpha fetal protein (AFP) peptide-pulsed DCs or GPC3-derived peptide vaccine, a transient CD8+ T cell response was detected in patients with HCC and overall survival (OS) was positively associated with the specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response [13, 14]. This evidence concerns the gene GPC3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.