Indeed, Zhang et al. convincingly demonstrated in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia that treatment with recombinant human VEGF in the early phase (1 hour after ischemic onset) can lead to BBB opening, while delayed administration (48 hours after ischemia onset) can result in an increased angiogenesis at the peri-infarct region [63]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and ischemia.