In addition, Wang et al[12] have suggested that HMGB1 may have pathological potential in diseases caused by viral infection, since they found that HMGB1 is elevated in West Nile virus, Salmon anemia virus, and even enterovirus (Coxsackievirus B3)-infected patients.[13] Nevertheless, whether HMGB1 participates in EV71-induced HFMD is still unclear. Here, HMGB1 is linked to viral infectious disease.