2001; Lorenz et al. 2009, 2014b). In line with its influence on several kinase signalling cascades, RKIP impacts on diverse physiological processes including cell transformation, cell cycle, inflammation, metastasis and cardiomyocyte contractility (Granovsky & Rosner, 2008; Lorenz et al. 2014a; Brietz et al. 2016). Deletion or downregulation of RKIP resulted for example in deterioration of metastatic cancer, Alzheimer's disease, pulmonary hypertension and heart failure and increased replication of the Newcastle disease virus (Lorenz et al. 2014a; Schmid et al. 2015; Yin et al. 2016). This evidence concerns the gene PEBP1 and heart failure.