Prior studies have reported associations between polymorphisms of the TLR family or connected signal transduction molecules, as well as TLR2 (5,6,7,16,17,18), TLR4 (19), TLR9 (20), toll-interacting protein (21), and AD, although most of those results have not been replicated (22). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and Alzheimer disease.