Lathers and Young (58) showed in a study analyzing HNSCC plasma of 101 patients a bias toward Th2 cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), but a loss of interrelationship between Th1/Th2 cytokines toward advanced disease when compared to healthy controls. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.