Regarding the role of GRIM-19 in cancer development, GRIM-19 expression was severely downregulated in a number of primary renal cell carcinomas (Alchanati et al., 2006), as well as in hepatocellular carcinoma (Liu et al., 2014) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (Li M. et al., 2014). Here, NDUFA13 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.