NOS1 and Stroke: NOS1, a family of NO synthases which synthesize NO from L-arginine is a pivotal mediator in neurotransmission, spatial learning and cognition and has been repeatedly implicated in the neurotoxicity associated with stroke and neurodegenerative disease (Wultsch et al., 2007; Freudenberg et al., 2015; Austin and Katusic, 2016; Miszczuk et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2016).