AKT3 and megalencephaly: For instance, individuals with Akt3 deletions show microcephaly (Boland et al., 2007), while duplications or gain-of-function Akt3 mutations are associated with megalencephaly (Rivière et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2013; Nellist et al., 2015) and focal cortical dysplasia (Chung et al., 2014).