Recently a model was proposed suggesting that decreased plasma adiponectin and increased plasma leptin concentrations, due to obesity in mid-life, can make the brain more susceptible to dementia, whereas weight loss in late-life and during the early periods of dementia leads to lower leptin and higher adiponectin levels and may have the same results, also contributing to the progression of neurodegeneration (Ishii and Iadecola, 2016). The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.