INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: As metabolic syndrome (Mets) or a high body mass index (BMI) are strong predictors of future T2DM and cardiovascular disease manifestations11, 12, we investigated whether hArg levels could predict the incidence of Mets components or obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) and high insulin as well as incident T2DM and preclinical atherosclerosis in a population-based prospective cohort of young adults without clinical cardiovascular diseases.