Comparing the effect of infection on IRF5−/− iPSdM with that on parent KOLF2 cells, this reflected 21 different pathways (largely downregulated genes), including interferon α/β and γ signalling (adjusted P values 8.8E−162 and 1.7E−12), negative regulators of RIG1-MDA5 signalling (1.3E−8), integrin cell surface interactions (7.9E−41), collagen degradation (3.4E−35), CRMP proteins in Sema3A signalling and semaphorin interactions (5E−18 and 5.4E−9), and L1CAM interactions (1.3E−6) (Supplementary Data 11). The gene discussed is IRF5; the disease is infection.