CXCL11 and infection: Prior to infection, investigation of the expression of key macrophage differentiation markers indicated that (unstimulated) iPSDMs expressed low to very low levels (0.1–5 counts per million (c.p.m.)) of M1 markers (CXCL10, CXCL11 and TAP1) and also modest levels (10–1,000 c.p.m).