While antioxidant capacity (SOD, CAT) is also upregulated in young obese individuals, elderly obese persons and individuals with metabolic syndrome show decreased antioxidant capacity in the face of increased systemic lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls in parallel with altered lipoprotein metabolism and decreased antioxidant capacity, and both oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity (SOD, CAT) are upregulated in young obese individuals [38, 39]. Here, SOD1 is linked to metabolic syndrome.