The following pro-inflammatory changes with oxidative stress and decreased cardiac function were detected in STZ-induced rat model of T1DM (162): (i) significant increases in myocardial intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, (ii) increased expression of beta2-leukotrienes-integrins+ (CD18+, CD11a+, CD11b+), (iii) increased expression of TNFα, and (iv) IL1β (Figure 2B). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and type 1 diabetes mellitus.