INS and metabolic syndrome: While metabolic syndrome is not clinically discernible in young children [86], individual cardiometabolic risk markers that include central adiposity, elevated systolic blood pressure and elevated levels of fasting insulin and/or glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, accelerated adiposity, [87–91, 76–78, 92–95] sometimes without overt obesity [96], predict metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, diabetes and hypertension in adulthood [97–104].