Due to the described diagnostic difficulties, it has not been sufficiently investigated whether adverse birth events might be induced by a local inflammation process of the placenta caused by trapped eggs or with complex generalized inflammation due to the helminth infection resulting in increased inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) [13,16]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is helminthiasis.