For example, it has been recently shown that inhibition of PDK1 has no significant effect on AKT signaling in a PTEN-deficient transgenic tumor mouse model or breast tumor growth,21, 22 and oncogenic functions of PDK1 through substrates other than AKT, such as SGK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase or PKCα,18, 23, 24 have also been reported. Here, PDK1 is linked to neoplasm.