CTLA-4 blockade promotes the priming and activation of tumour-specific CD8+ T-cells, whereas PD-1 blockade reinvigorates the cytotoxic function of intratumoral CD8+ T-cells.3 Currently, the tumour response rates for these inhibitors when used as monotherapy are ~20 and ~40%, respectively. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.