VEGFA and melanoma: First described in 1999 in uveal melanoma,94 VM is considered a signature of aggressive cancers, and the occurrence of VM has now been found to correlate with poor prognosis in many cancers such as cutaneous melanoma, breast cancer and glioblastoma.95 Moreover, it is observed that VEGF inhibition resulted in adaptive resistance in melanoma xenografts, in turn leading to increased VM.96 This finding could help explain why anti-angiogenic monotherapies for melanoma have not been clinically successful, and indicates the biological significance of these VM vessels.