An allogeneic cancer vaccine using the GVAX platform with two prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP, genetically modified to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was evaluated in 55 patients with biochemical recurrence (21 subjects) or castrate-resistant disease (34 subjects). Here, CSF2 is linked to prostate carcinoma.