The advantage of co-expressing CAR and PD1-CD28 switch receptor is that the CAR T cells’ anti-tumor potency can be further improved by offsetting the inhibitory signals of PD1/PD-L1/2 and at the same time, providing T cells with additional CD28 costimulatory signal, which was supported by a recent study that tested T cells transferred with CARs and switch receptors in different clinically relevant mouse tumor models for mesothelioma and prostate cancer by targeting mesothelin or prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA). The gene discussed is MSLN; the disease is neoplasm.