Reports from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study in patients with early DKD and Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartin (RENAAL) study in patients with advanced DKD have found that DR is associated with renal composite endpoints (ESRD or the doubling of creatinine)29, 30. Here, AGT is linked to diabetes mellitus.