ALDH2 and Alzheimer disease: Epidemiological and functional studies found that the ALDH2*2 allele is associated with facial flushing and increased pulse rate upon alcohol consumption [15], increased risk for cardiovascular diseases [16], late-onset Alzheimer’s disease [17], osteoporosis [18], and several alcohol-related cancers, including oropharyngolaryngeal, esophageal, stomach, and colon cancers [19].