We assess the physiological costs of infection using both general indicators of nutritional status, such as indicators of body condition (e.g. kidney fat stores, KFs [11]) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and oxidative stress (OS) markers, such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Here, PON1 is linked to infection.