From a comparative oncology standpoint, study of the S100/calgranulins in canine TCC/PCA is of very high interest because here the spontaneous disease in dogs serves as a better model for human urothelial carcinoma than murine models (rodents lack S100A12 and S100A8 appears to functionally resemble S100A12 [42–44]). This evidence concerns the gene S100A12 and urothelial carcinoma.