Further studies are warranted to validate our findings in a larger cohort of dogs, to evaluate the source of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 expression in canine TCC/PCA patients, and to determine whether S100A8/A9 and/or S100A12 expression correlates with tumor grade and/or complete tumor stage, response to treatment, progression of cancer, and/or survival time. The gene discussed is S100A12; the disease is tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome.