VEGFA and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Mann et al. reported that proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1, -4, and -6 were detected in HNSCC [20] and Chen et al. found that the HNSCC patients showing high serum level of IL-1a, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, and VEGF cytokines generally had a poor prognosis [14].