However, prostate cancer stromal ER-α was reported to interact with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to inhibit PCa invasion through the selective up-regulation of thrombospondin 2 and down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 3 suggesting a protective role of stromal ER-α in prostate cancer progression [55]. The gene discussed is THBS2; the disease is Familial prostate cancer.