In view of these findings and of the fact that activation of NF-κB in (murine) fibroblasts and macrophages can be dependent on PAK1 activity [62], we propose that investigating the role of host PAK1 during Theileria-infection is likely to yield interesting results and novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of Theileria infection. The gene discussed is PAK1; the disease is theileriasis.