In an effort to elucidate the possible contribution of neuroinflammation to PD and how its supposedly non-specific action could lead to a preferential loss of DA neurons, we previously showed that this is mediated, at least in part, by activation of the receptor alpha 1 of interleukin-13 (IL-13Rα1) [26]. This evidence concerns the gene IL13RA1 and Parkinson disease.