The association between individual genotypes of IL-23R rs1884444G/T and IL-23R rs7530511C/T and susceptibility to SMA was determined using logistic regression analysis, controlling for the confounding effects of age, sex, co-infection (HIV-1 status and bacteremia), HbAS, alpha-thalassemia and G6PD deficiency [46–48]. Here, IL23R is linked to G6PD deficiency.