TNF-α via effects on soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, may promote vascular adhesion, otherwise plasma levels of TNF-α are associated with dyslipidaemia and increase blood pressure, adding to vascular disease risk, besides, the actions of TNF-α is probably modified by altered production of soluble receptors in type 1 diabetic patients [51]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and type 1 diabetes mellitus.