ACE and diabetes mellitus: However, only the baseline serum creatinine (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04–1.63, p = 0.013), use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.18–3.43, p = 0.011), RBC transfusion volume (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.23, p = 0.027), and history of CAD (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.1–4.52, p = 0.029) were significant risk factors for AKI after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, history of CAD or CVA, use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs, and baseline serum creatinine.