The functional role of PKCθ in ICC is not known, but a recent study reported that PKCθ protein is hyper-activated in gastrin induced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) via gastrin and cholecystokinin receptor CCK2R [62], suggesting that the protein promotes ICC proliferation and GIST tumorigenesis. This evidence concerns the gene CCKBR and gastrointestinal stromal tumor.