With regard to the concomitant drugs, compared with the NO-AKI patients, significantly more of the VA-AKI patients received concomitant vasopressors, nitrates, β-receptor blockers, ACEIs, and the following antimicrobial drugs: aminoglycosides, imipenem-cystatins, quinolones, sulfonamides, etc. In addition, the VA-AKI patients were significantly more likely to receive concomitant diuretics, immunosuppressants, glucocorticoids, and contrast medium. This evidence concerns the gene CST4 and acute kidney injury.