Although the identification of activating ALK mutations and the demonstration of the oncogenic role of mutant ALK have established ALK as a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma, clinical studies of crizotinib and ceritinib in pediatric cancers have shown that patients with ALK-mutated neuroblastoma responded less favorably than pediatric patients with ALK-rearranged tumors, such as ALCL and IMT (Mossé et al., 2013; Birgit Geoerger et al., 2015). The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is cancer.