ENPP2 and chronic hepatitis C virus infection: In comparisons between genders, median ATX levels were significantly higher in women than in men both among healthy controls (0.82 vs. 0.70 mg/L; P < 0.001) as well as in patients with chronic hepatitis C (1.64 vs. 1.16 mg/L; P < 0.001) (Fig. 1b).