Although YWHAE is one of the genes which we expected to be upregulated during neurotxicity, based on the definition of the gene array, the protein encoded by YWHAE (14-3-3ε protein) is involved in the inhibition of apoptosis via association with Bcl-2, and CSF levels of YWHAE are reduced in HIV-infected patients who display cognitive impairment (61). This evidence concerns the gene YWHAE and Cognitive impairment.