ICOS−/−, ICOSL−/−, and ICOS−/−ICOSL−/− NOD mice were all protected from diabetes and developed neuromyopathy following similar survival curves, but median age of neuropathy was younger in ICOSL−/− (22 weeks) versus ICOS−/− NOD mice (30 weeks, p = 0.008) (Figure 1B). Here, ICOS is linked to diabetes mellitus.