TGFB1 and age-related macular degeneration: Finally, miRNAs dysregulated both in AMD patients and in rat retina damaged by Aβ can target the TGF-β signaling pathway, leading to a putative impairment of Smad-dependent TGF-β1 signaling, in accordance with previous reports (Caraci et al., 2012a,b; Fisichella et al., 2016).