INS and Parkinson disease: For example, high-throughput screening of blood RNA have provided molecular clues for some of the dysregulated pathways in PD, including the impairment of insulin signaling and glucose metabolism (Santiago and Potashkin, 2013a,b, 2015), aberrant RNA splicing (Potashkin et al., 2012; Soreq et al., 2012; Alieva et al., 2014), and inflammation (Simchovitz et al., 2016).